Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is often seen in patients as an autosomal dominant genetic heart disease with a variable clinical course. It is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, and with some patients, there is no evidence of a genetic etiology or presence of HCM in family members. Young age at diagnosis and the presence of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic sarcomere variant predict greater lifelong risk for stroke, heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, or mortality. Most individuals affected with HCM live to an average lifespan due to improvements in earlier diagnosis, sudden cardiac death risk stratification, family screening, pharmacologic therapy, devices, and invasive septal reduction therapy. Although these interventions have improved mortality, they are associated with significant costs and morbidities. There are burdensome costs related to genetic testing, family screening, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, alcohol septal ablation, septal myectomy, pacemakerHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an underdiagnosed genetic disorder, resulting from mutations in sarcomeric proteins. It has a highly variable clinical presentation, with some individuals remaining asymptomatic and others having significant limitation of functional status. The disorder is typically characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy that is not explained by another cause. Patients are further classified based on whether there is obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. To-date, there are no pharmacologic therapies that alter the natural history of the disease. Therapeutic approaches have instead focused on symptom relief and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Newer therapies under investigation represent potential means to improve limiting symptoms.If Socrates taught online, he would enhance learning using questioning, guided inquiry, and problem- and discovery-based learning. He would focus energy on building a sense of community, engaging students with analogies, metaphors, storytelling, and sharing of personal and professional experiences. This article provides nurse educators with examples of the application of the Socratic method to enhance learning and build a sense of belonging to a learning community in online education.
If Socrates taught online, he would enhance learning using questioning, guided inquiry, and problem- and discovery-based learning. He would focus energy on building a sense of community, engaging students with analogies, metaphors, storytelling, and sharing of personal and professional experiences. This article provides nurse educators with examples of the application of the Socratic method to enhance learning and build a sense of belonging to a learning community in online education.The purpose of this literature review is to provide nurse educators with the evidence necessary to support future research and expansion of programs for English-as-a-second-language (ESL) nursing students.
Nursing education has expanded significantly in response to the Institute of Medicine's 2010 call for an increase in the number of baccalaureate-prepared nurses. The demographics of nursing students have also grown to include those who are ethnically and linguistically diverse. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/i-bet151-gsk1210151a.html This literature review presents a robust compilation of evidence providing insight into the integration experience of nursing students from diverse cultural and language backgrounds.
Peer-reviewed articles, along with other seminal sources, were identified.
The evidence highlights student challenges with academic language, cultural stressors, and faculty support.
Findings indicate that ESL nursing students experience challenges with academic integration. Future research can provide insight into how these students navigate specific learning environments.
Findings indicate that ESL nursing students experience challenges with academic integration. Future research can provide insight into how these students navigate specific learning environments.Theranostics that integrates therapy and diagnosis in one system to achieve accurate cancer diagnosis and treatment has attracted tremendous interest, and has been recognized as a potential breakthrough in overcoming the challenges of conventional oncotherapy. Nanoparticles are ideal candidates as carriers for theranostic agents, which is attributed to their extraordinary physicochemical properties, including nanoscale sizes, functional properties, prolonged blood circulation, active or passive tumor targeting, specific cellular uptake, and in some cases, excellent optical properties that ideally meet the needs of phototherapy and imaging at the same time. Overall, with the development of nanotechnology, theranostics has become a reality, and is now in the transition stage of "bench to bedside." In this review, we summarize recent progress on nanotechnology-based theranostics, i.e., nanotheranostics, that has greatly assisted traditional therapies, and has provided therapeutic strategies emerging in recent decades, as well as "cocktail" theranostics mixing various treatment modalities.Podocytes play a vital role in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome (NS), which is clinically characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral edema. The pathogenesis of NS has evolved through several hypotheses ranging from immune dysregulation theory and increased glomerular permeability theory to the current concept of podocytopathy. Podocytopathy is characterized by dysfunction or depletion of podocytes, which may be caused by unknown permeability factor, genetic disorders, drugs, infections, systemic disorders, and hyperfiltration. Over the last two decades, numerous studies have been done to explore the molecular mechanisms of podocyte injuries or NS and to develop the novel therapeutic strategies targeting podocytopathy for treatment of NS. Recent studies have shown that normal sphingolipid metabolism is essential for structural and functional integrity of podocytes. As a basic component of the plasma membrane, sphingolipids not only support the assembly of signaling molecules and interaction of receptors and effectors, but also mediate various cellular activities, such as apoptosis, proliferation, stress responses, necrosis, inflammation, autophagy, senescence, and differentiation.